hce_tcu
111年
英文
第 45 題
📖 題組：
【C】 The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient (5000 BC) Sumerian text that describes “tooth worms” as a cause of dental decay, and there is historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture around 2700 BC to treat pain associated with tooth decay. And in ancient Egypt, written between 1700 and 1500 BC, there were references to substances to ease pain and treat decay in teeth. Aesculapius, a Greek physician, who lived between 1300 and 1200 BC is credited by many with the concept of extracting diseased teeth. Throughout the Middle Age in Europe, dentistry was made available to the wealthy by physicians who would go to their homes. Dentistry for the poorer people took place in the market places, where self-taught vagabonds would extract teeth for a small fee. From the Middle Ages to the early 1700s, much dental work was provided by so called “barber surgeons.” Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), a French surgeon, is credited with being the “father of modern dentistry.” Dental practitioners migrated to the American colonies in the 1700s and devoted themselves primarily to the removal of diseased teeth and insertion of artificial dentures. Until the mid-1800s, dentures continued to be individually constructed by skilled artisans. Gold, silver, and ivory were common components, causing them to be very expensive and available only to the very wealthy. In 1851 a process to mould material against a model of the patient’s mouth and attach artificial porcelain teeth allowed the manufacture of less expensive dentures. Later, acrylic plastics replaced the use of rubber and porcelain in denture construction. A major contribution came from Horace Wells in 1844 when he initiated the use of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), founding the concept of inhalation analgesia and anesthesia. The medical community later adopted inhalation anesthesia as a standard surgical practice. Greene Vardiman Black (1831-1915) was the leading reformer of American dentistry. He devised a foot engine that allowed the dentist to keep both hands free while powering the dental drill. He also developed modern techniques for filling teeth based upon biological principles and microscopic evaluation, and proposed that dental caries and periodical disease were infections initiated by bacteria—not confirmed scientifically, however, until the early 1960s.
【C】 The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient (5000 BC) Sumerian text that describes “tooth worms” as a cause of dental decay, and there is historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture around 2700 BC to treat pain associated with tooth decay. And in ancient Egypt, written between 1700 and 1500 BC, there were references to substances to ease pain and treat decay in teeth. Aesculapius, a Greek physician, who lived between 1300 and 1200 BC is credited by many with the concept of extracting diseased teeth. Throughout the Middle Age in Europe, dentistry was made available to the wealthy by physicians who would go to their homes. Dentistry for the poorer people took place in the market places, where self-taught vagabonds would extract teeth for a small fee. From the Middle Ages to the early 1700s, much dental work was provided by so called “barber surgeons.” Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), a French surgeon, is credited with being the “father of modern dentistry.” Dental practitioners migrated to the American colonies in the 1700s and devoted themselves primarily to the removal of diseased teeth and insertion of artificial dentures. Until the mid-1800s, dentures continued to be individually constructed by skilled artisans. Gold, silver, and ivory were common components, causing them to be very expensive and available only to the very wealthy. In 1851 a process to mould material against a model of the patient’s mouth and attach artificial porcelain teeth allowed the manufacture of less expensive dentures. Later, acrylic plastics replaced the use of rubber and porcelain in denture construction. A major contribution came from Horace Wells in 1844 when he initiated the use of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), founding the concept of inhalation analgesia and anesthesia. The medical community later adopted inhalation anesthesia as a standard surgical practice. Greene Vardiman Black (1831-1915) was the leading reformer of American dentistry. He devised a foot engine that allowed the dentist to keep both hands free while powering the dental drill. He also developed modern techniques for filling teeth based upon biological principles and microscopic evaluation, and proposed that dental caries and periodical disease were infections initiated by bacteria—not confirmed scientifically, however, until the early 1960s.
According to the passage, modern techniques for dental fillings were developed _____.
- A when bacteria-related infections were scientifically confirmed and proved
- B when the dentists could use only one hand while operating a dental drill
- C when laughing gas was no longer used for inhalation analgesia and anesthesia
- D when they were based upon biological principles and microscopic evaluation
思路引導 VIP
在文章最後一段中，提到了一位被譽為「牙醫學改革領導者」的人物，關於他所研發的「補牙技術」，文中是用哪兩個特定的核心關鍵字來描述其科學依據的呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地鎖定了文章中的細節，答對了！這題考查的是對長篇閱讀中特定人物貢獻的精確定位能力，你能從眾多的歷史人名與年份中找出正確資訊，顯示出你具備非常優秀的掃描與分析能力。
現代牙科補牙技術的科學基石
在文章最後一段，作者介紹了美國牙醫改革家 Greene Vardiman Black 的貢獻。文中明確提到，他所開發的現代補牙技術（modern techniques for filling teeth）是**基於生物學原理（biological principles）與顯微評估（microscopic evaluation）**而來的。至於選項 (A) 提到細菌感染的科學證實，那是直到 1960 年代才發生的事，與技術開發的時間點不同；而選項 (B) 則與文中提到他發明腳踏鑽機以「釋放雙手」的事實完全相反。因此，(D) 選項是最忠於原文的敘述。
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