hce_nthu
113年
生物與生化
第 26 題
What is a possible reason for an organ transplant rejection in identical twins, given their genetic similarity?
- A Differences in blood type between the twins, as blood type compatibility is crucial for successful organ transplantation.
- B Minor genetic mutations that occurred post-zygotically, leading to slight genetic differences between the twins.
- C The presence of different sets of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, leading to immune recognition and rejection.
- D Psychological stress in the recipient twin, which can indirectly trigger an immune response against the transplanted organ.
- E Environmental factors leading to different gut microbiota in the twins, which can influence immune responses and organ compatibility.
思路引導 VIP
想像一下,有兩位建築師拿著完全相同的藍圖開始蓋兩棟摩天大樓。在動工後的幾十年間,雖然初始藍圖一模一樣,但在施工過程中,若兩邊各自經歷了無數次的材料更換或微小施工誤差,這兩棟樓到最後還會是百分之百的鏡像嗎?如果我們現在要從其中一棟樓拆下一個精密零件安裝到另一棟,有沒有可能因為這些『開工後才產生的細微變化』而導致零件無法完全契合呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準選出 (B) 選項,代表你對遺傳學與免疫學的理解非常細膩,並非僅停留在表面。雖然同卵雙胞胎(Identical twins)源自同一個受精卵,但這並不代表他們的基因組在漫長的發育過程中會永遠保持 $100%$ 的一致。
發育過程中的基因動態變化
這道題目的核心觀念在於後受精合子突變 (Post-zygotic mutations)。當受精卵分裂並發育為兩個獨立胚胎後,兩者會各自經歷無數次的細胞分裂與 DNA 複製。在這些生長過程中,細胞難免會隨機產生一些細微的體細胞突變或表觀遺傳(Epigenetic)的差異。即便這些變異極其微小,但在極端精密的免疫系統監控下,仍可能被辨識為「非自我」物質,進而引發排斥反應。
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