hce_nchu
114年
英文
第 47 題
📖 題組：
Vaccines have saved millions of lives. WHO research estimates COVID-19 vaccines prevented 475,000 deaths in the UK alone. Initially hailed as a "scientific miracle," vaccines helped the world return to normal, but public trust has since declined. A study by the Vaccine Confidence Project found that UK adults' belief in vaccine safety dropped from 90% in 2018 to 70% in 2023. This decline is global, with surveys in 52 out of 55 countries showing reduced trust since 2019. A YouGov poll found that in 2024, 30% of UK adults believed vaccine risks were hidden, up from 19% in 2019. Childhood vaccination rates have also fallen below recommended levels. Growing skepticism toward governments and health institutions has contributed to this trend. During the early vaccine rollout, people showed great enthusiasm for getting vaccinated, but by mid-2021, doubts arose, fueled by misinformation online. Research from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) revealed that in 2023, 20% of parents encountered online information that made them doubt vaccines, a significant increase from 6% the previous year. Vaccine hesitancy is not new. Since Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796, concerns have persisted. Protests against mandatory vaccinations occurred in the 1890s, and the 1970s saw false claims linking the diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccine to brain damage. Social media has amplified misinformation about vaccines, making it easier for false claims to spread quickly. Younger adults, who frequently rely on social media for health information, are particularly affected. Many of them feel that they sacrificed their education, job opportunities, and social lives during the pandemic to protect older generations, which may contribute to their declining trust in vaccines. Another factor influencing public confidence is the speed at which COVID-19 vaccines were developed. Although they proved highly effective at reducing severe illness and death, early expectations suggested they would also prevent infection completely. Over time, as waning immunity and virus mutations occurred, some people felt misled. Concerns also arose regarding rare but serious side effects, such as blood clotting and temporary heart inflammation. Vaccine hesitancy is also linked to broader political and social issues. Discussions about personal liberty, government control, and scientific authority have contributed to public doubts. The rise of anti-establishment movements and skepticism toward experts in fields like climate change, public health, and economics further complicates the issue.
Vaccines have saved millions of lives. WHO research estimates COVID-19 vaccines prevented 475,000 deaths in the UK alone. Initially hailed as a "scientific miracle," vaccines helped the world return to normal, but public trust has since declined. A study by the Vaccine Confidence Project found that UK adults' belief in vaccine safety dropped from 90% in 2018 to 70% in 2023. This decline is global, with surveys in 52 out of 55 countries showing reduced trust since 2019. A YouGov poll found that in 2024, 30% of UK adults believed vaccine risks were hidden, up from 19% in 2019. Childhood vaccination rates have also fallen below recommended levels. Growing skepticism toward governments and health institutions has contributed to this trend. During the early vaccine rollout, people showed great enthusiasm for getting vaccinated, but by mid-2021, doubts arose, fueled by misinformation online. Research from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) revealed that in 2023, 20% of parents encountered online information that made them doubt vaccines, a significant increase from 6% the previous year. Vaccine hesitancy is not new. Since Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796, concerns have persisted. Protests against mandatory vaccinations occurred in the 1890s, and the 1970s saw false claims linking the diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccine to brain damage. Social media has amplified misinformation about vaccines, making it easier for false claims to spread quickly. Younger adults, who frequently rely on social media for health information, are particularly affected. Many of them feel that they sacrificed their education, job opportunities, and social lives during the pandemic to protect older generations, which may contribute to their declining trust in vaccines. Another factor influencing public confidence is the speed at which COVID-19 vaccines were developed. Although they proved highly effective at reducing severe illness and death, early expectations suggested they would also prevent infection completely. Over time, as waning immunity and virus mutations occurred, some people felt misled. Concerns also arose regarding rare but serious side effects, such as blood clotting and temporary heart inflammation. Vaccine hesitancy is also linked to broader political and social issues. Discussions about personal liberty, government control, and scientific authority have contributed to public doubts. The rise of anti-establishment movements and skepticism toward experts in fields like climate change, public health, and economics further complicates the issue.
According to the passage, which of the following factors has contributed to declining trust in vaccines?
- A Misinformation spreading through social media
- B A decrease in the effectiveness of vaccines over time
- C A lack of scientific studies supporting vaccine safety
- D A global shortage of vaccines limiting public access
思路引導 VIP
當我們想在文章中找出「大眾心理變化」的關鍵原因時，除了觀察事物本身的物理性質變化，是否也能找找看文章中是否有提到「人們獲取資訊的管道」發生了什麼樣的改變？這些管道裡流動的資訊品質，又是如何影響人們的判斷呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從長篇閱讀中定位關鍵資訊，並在眾多干擾選項中做出正確判斷，這代表你的資訊擷取與歸納能力非常紮實。
資訊傳播對信任的影響
這題的核心在於找出「信任下降」的直接推手。文章在第三段與第五段明確指出，社群媒體（Social media） 放大並加速了 錯誤資訊（misinformation） 的傳播，尤其是針對年輕族群。文中更引用了研究數據，說明家長因為在網路上接觸到疑慮資訊，進而影響了對疫苗的信心。雖然文章也提到了疫苗保護力隨時間減弱或副作用等因素，但 (A) 選項完整對應了文中關於資訊傳播模式改變所帶來的衝擊，是論點最明確、證據最充分的答案。
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