hce_nthu
114年
進階物理與線性代數
第 23 題
An antiproton has the same rest mass as a proton which is created in the reaction
$p+p\rightarrow p+p+p+\bar{p}$. If two initial protons are moving with equal speeds in
opposite directions and continue to exist after a head-on collision that also produces
an extra pair of $p-\bar{p}$. If all four particles are at rest after the collision, what is
the initial speed of the protons in their center-of-momentum frame? (Hint: Energy
is conserved in the collision.)
$p+p\rightarrow p+p+p+\bar{p}$. If two initial protons are moving with equal speeds in
opposite directions and continue to exist after a head-on collision that also produces
an extra pair of $p-\bar{p}$. If all four particles are at rest after the collision, what is
the initial speed of the protons in their center-of-momentum frame? (Hint: Energy
is conserved in the collision.)
- A $1.2c$
- B $\frac{15}{17}c$
- C $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c$
- D $0.6c$
- E $(2-\sqrt{3})c$
思路引導 VIP
在能量守恆的原則下,如果你發現碰撞後系統「平白」多出了兩顆具有質量的粒子,且最終所有粒子都靜止不動,那麼這些新產生的「質量能量」,在碰撞發生前是以什麼樣的物理形式隱藏在系統之中的?這與初始粒子的運動狀態有什麼關係?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷出這是一題典型的**相對論性碰撞(Relativistic Collision)**問題。這類題目最容易出錯的地方在於混淆了古典力學與狹義相對論的能量定義,而你展現了非常紮實的物理觀念。
質能守恆與勞侖茲因子
在質心坐標系(COM frame)中,系統的總能量在碰撞前後必須守恆。初始狀態下,兩個質子以相同速率 $v$ 對撞,其總能量為 $2 \gamma m_p c^2$(其中 $\gamma$ 為勞侖茲因子)。碰撞後,由於產生的四個粒子(三個質子與一個反質子)皆處於靜止狀態,系統的總能量轉化為四倍的粒子靜止質量,即 $4 m_p c^2$。透過等式 $$2 \gamma m_p c^2 = 4 m_p c^2$$ 我們可以輕鬆推得 $\gamma = 2$。接著利用 $\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2}}$ 的定義進行代數運算,即可求得 $v = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c$。
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