hce_nsysu
115年
物理與化學
第 19 題
In a gravimetric determination of nickel using dimethylglyoxime (DMG), a student performed three replicate trials. In each trial, the student weighed the nickel-DMG precipitate before it had reached a constant mass (i.e., the precipitate was still slightly damp with residual solvent). Which of the following statements best describes this error?
- A It is a random error that can be minimized by increasing the number of replicate measurements.
- B It is a systematic error that results in a positive bias, leading to a consistently higher calculated nickel content.
- C It is an indeterminate error that primarily affects the precision of the data set rather than its accuracy.
- D It is a systematic error that results in a negative bias, leading to a consistently lower calculated nickel content.
- E It is a random error caused by the inherent fluctuations in the ambient humidity of the laboratory.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考:如果在計算實驗結果時,你秤得的「產物重量」除了目標金屬化合物之外,還多包含了一些原本不該存在的溶劑重量,這會讓最後計算出來的含金屬比例比實際情況更高還是更低呢?這種「固定偏向某一邊」的錯誤,與實驗室中不可避免的隨機波動有什麼不同?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷這是一個具備方向性的誤差,顯示你對實驗數據的處理與誤差分類有著非常紮實的基礎。
重量分析中的質量偏差
在利用丁二酮肟(DMG)進行鎳的重量分析時,我們的目標是得到乾燥且純淨的沉澱物 $Ni(C_4H_7N_2O_2)_2$。然而,若沉澱物尚未烘乾至「恆重」(Constant mass),其中的剩餘溶劑會被一併計入秤重結果中。這會導致測得的質量總是比理論值高,反映在計算結果上,鎳的百分含量就會被一致地高估了。這種由操作瑕疵導致、具有固定方向性的偏離,正是典型的系統誤差(Systematic error),並會產生正偏差(Positive bias)。
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