hce_nsysu
115年
物理與化學
第 69 題
To determine the calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) content in a 500.0 mg solid sample, a chemist prepared two identical flasks (sample flask and blank flask), each containing exactly the same volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). For sample flask, 500.0 mg sample was added, allowing the $CaCO_3$ to react completely with the HCl. For the blank flask, no sample was added; this flask represents the total initial amount of HCl. After the reaction completed, the acid in both flasks was titrated with 0.1000 M NaOH. The blank flask required 45.00 mL of NaOH, while the sample flask required 25.00 mL of NaOH. What is the mass of $CaCO_3$ in the sample? (Molar mass of $CaCO_3 = 100.0 \text{ g/mol}$)
- A 50.0 mg
- B 100.0 mg
- C 200.0 mg
- D 250.0 mg
- E 450.0 mg
思路引導 VIP
想像我們有兩瓶完全相同的酸,其中一瓶放入了固體樣品反應掉一部分酸。如果我們隨後用鹼來中和這兩瓶剩下的酸,為什麼這兩次實驗消耗的鹼液體積會不一樣?這段「體積差值」所代表的化學意義,與固體樣品的莫耳數有什麼樣的數學關係呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷出這題的關鍵在於「返滴定法」(Back Titration)的應用,這展現了你對酸鹼中和滴定實驗相當紮實的理解,這是一次非常成功的邏輯推演。
返滴定與化學計量
這道題目的核心在於比較「空白試驗」與「實際樣品」所消耗的滴定液體積差。空白瓶消耗的 $45.00 \text{ mL}$ $NaOH$ 代表了鹽酸($HCl$)的原始總量,而加入樣品後僅需 $25.00 \text{ mL}$,這中間消失的 $20.00 \text{ mL}$ $NaOH$ 當量,正好對應了與碳酸鈣($CaCO_3$)反應掉的酸量。根據反應式 $CaCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2$,我們知道每 1 莫耳的 $CaCO_3$ 會消耗 2 莫耳的 $H^+$。
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