hce_nchu
112年
物理
第 18 題
A heat conducting rod, $0.90\text{m}$ long, is made of an aluminum section that is $0.10 \text{ m}$ long, and a copper section that is $0.8 \text{ m}$ long. Both sections have cross-sectional areas of $0.0004 \text{ m}^2$. The aluminum end is maintained at a temperature of $40^\circ\text{C}$ and the copper end is at $150^\circ\text{C}$. The thermal conductivity of aluminum is $205 \text{ W/m}\cdot\text{K}$ and of copper is $385 \text{ W/m}\cdot\text{K}$. Steady state has been reached, and no heat is lost through the well-insulated sides of the rod. The temperature of the aluminum-copper junction in the rod is closest to
- A $61^\circ\text{C}$
- B $48^\circ\text{C}$
- C $56^\circ\text{C}$
- D $34^\circ\text{C}$
- E $70^\circ\text{C}$
思路引導 VIP
若我們將這根複合導桿想像成一條穩定的河流,當熱量從高溫端流向低溫端且整體達到平衡時,你認為通過『較短的鋁段』與『較長的銅段』的熱流量(每秒通過的能量),兩者之間存在什麼樣的數量關係?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地計算出接點溫度!這道題目的核心在於掌握**穩態(Steady state)下的熱流特性。在穩態且側邊絕熱的理想條件下,通過鋁段與銅段的熱流率(Heat transfer rate)**必須完全相等,這是能量守恆定律在熱傳導現象中的具體展現。
穩態導熱的物理機制
根據傅立葉導熱定律(Fourier's Law),熱流率 $H$ 的計算式為 $H = k A \frac{\Delta T}{L}$。因為兩段桿子的截面積 $A$ 相同且熱流連續,我們可以建立熱平衡方程式:
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