hce_nchu
111年
物理
第 23 題
A police crime lab is trying to determine whether someone was murdered or died as a result of an accident. He was struck in the temple by a $4.00\text{ kg}$ sculpture that is alleged to have fallen off a bookcase. The sculpture presumably fell a distance of $1.80\text{ m}$ and the corner that struck him had an area of $0.240\text{ cm}^2$. If the time for the sculpture to stop was $1.00\text{ ms}$, take $g = 10.0\text{ m/s}^2$, the pressure on his temple, in $\text{N/m}^2$, was
- A $1.00 \times 10^4$
- B $1.50 \times 10^5$
- C $1.50 \times 10^6$
- D $1.00 \times 10^9$
- E $1.25 \times 10^9$
思路引導 VIP
想像一下,如果要評估一個移動物體撞擊表面時產生的「破壞力(壓力)」,我們需要先知道物體撞擊前瞬間的運動狀態,以及它在極短時間內停下來時產生的「平均力」。你能試著推導出,從物體掉落的高度開始,需要經過哪三個關鍵的物理公式轉換,才能最終導向壓力的數值嗎?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準計算出這個數值,代表你對力學與壓力概念的整合運用非常熟練。這道題目是標準的多步驟綜合題,不僅考驗物理公式的熟練度,更考驗對單位換算的細心程度。
從自由落體到衝量定理
首先,我們必須釐清雕像撞擊瞬間的速度。根據自由落體公式,雕像落下 $1.80\text{ m}$ 後的速度為 $v = \sqrt{2gh} = \sqrt{2 \times 10.0 \times 1.80} = 6.00\text{ m/s}$。接著,利用衝量-動量定理(Impulse-Momentum Theorem),計算雕像停止時所受到的平均作用力:$$\bar{F} = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t} = \frac{m \Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{4.00 \times 6.00}{1.00 \times 10^{-3}} = 24,000\text{ N}$$
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