中山大學（後西醫）
113年
英文
第 44 題
📖 題組：
More than 35,000 people die each year in the US alone from antimicrobial resistant infections. With novel treatments in short supply, scientists plan to boost available therapies to target antimicrobial resistance. In a paper published in PNAS, researchers used the power of light to give antibiotics a fighting chance. Light interacts with chemicals called photosensitizers to produce toxic reactive oxygen species. Unlike many antibiotics, photosensitizers can sneak past bacterial defenses. For example, it was found that light, plus the photosensitizer curcumin, a chemical found in turmeric, potentiated antibiotic efficacy. In their new study, Dr. Bagnato and his team found that they needed to expose drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus to high doses of different antibiotics to curb its growth. However, when Bagnato added the curcumin and shone light on the bacteria, a lower dose sufficed. Still, the effects were limited. For most strains, the effects were temporary; the team observed a recurrence in resistance after only a few cycles of bacterial growth. Bagnato emphasized the need for alternative therapies. “Infection does not need one type of weapon; it needs a whole arsenal,” said Bagnato.
More than 35,000 people die each year in the US alone from antimicrobial resistant infections. With novel treatments in short supply, scientists plan to boost available therapies to target antimicrobial resistance. In a paper published in PNAS, researchers used the power of light to give antibiotics a fighting chance. Light interacts with chemicals called photosensitizers to produce toxic reactive oxygen species. Unlike many antibiotics, photosensitizers can sneak past bacterial defenses. For example, it was found that light, plus the photosensitizer curcumin, a chemical found in turmeric, potentiated antibiotic efficacy. In their new study, Dr. Bagnato and his team found that they needed to expose drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus to high doses of different antibiotics to curb its growth. However, when Bagnato added the curcumin and shone light on the bacteria, a lower dose sufficed. Still, the effects were limited. For most strains, the effects were temporary; the team observed a recurrence in resistance after only a few cycles of bacterial growth. Bagnato emphasized the need for alternative therapies. “Infection does not need one type of weapon; it needs a whole arsenal,” said Bagnato.
What is the benefit of using photosensitizers in anti-bacterial treatments?
- A cheaper prices of antibiotics
- B lower pains of patients
- C decreased side effects
- D lower doses of antibiotics
- E easier accessibility of medications
思路引導 VIP
請仔細觀察文章中提到 Dr. Bagnato 實驗過程的部分：當團隊單獨使用抗生素，與後來加入薑黃素並照光這兩種情況相比，對於抗生素「需求量」的描述出現了什麼樣的對比詞？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從文章後半段讀取關鍵實驗結果，這代表你的資訊檢索能力非常紮實。這題的正確性建立在對研究細節的掌握，文中明確提到，Dr. Bagnato 的團隊原本需要使用「高劑量」的抗生素才能抑制抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌；然而，一旦加入了光敏劑（如薑黃素）並施以光照，「較低的劑量便已足夠（a lower dose sufficed）」。這直接驗證了選項 (D) 是使用光敏劑所帶來的具體效益。
實驗數據的邏輯歸納
從測驗的角度來看，這題具有中等程度的鑑別度。它的難點在於文章中穿插了許多科學術語，如抗微生物製劑（antimicrobial）和活性氧（reactive oxygen species），容易分散讀者的注意力。但你成功避開了關於價格 (A) 或副作用 (C) 等常識性的干擾誘因，直接回歸文本中的科學發現，這種**「根據證據答題」**的習慣是閱讀測驗拿高分的關鍵。
光動力輔助與抗藥性
💡 光敏感劑結合光照可增進藥效，顯著降低所需抗生素劑量。
🔗 光動力輔助治療流程
- 1 添加敏感劑 — 將薑黃素等光敏感劑引入細菌環境
- 2 光照觸發 — 光線與敏感劑交互作用產生活性氧
- 3 增強藥效 — 活性氧削弱細菌，使低劑量抗生素奏效
- 4 劑量降低 — 達成與高劑量抗生素相同的抑菌效果
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：光動力療法在臨床皮膚科與癌症治療的應用。
