hce_nthu
114年
化學與物理
第 43 題
For a monatomic ideal gas undergoing the following three consecutive thermodynamic processes. First, an isochoric process from ($P_0$, $V_0$) to ($2P_0$, $V_0$). Second, an adiabatic free expansion from ($2P_0$, $V_0$) to ($P_0$, $2V_0$). Finally, an isobaric process from ($P_0$, $2V_0$) to ($P_0$, $V_0$). Which of the following statements is true?
- A The entropy of the gas and the entropy of the surroundings increase.
- B The entropy of the gas increases during the isochoric process.
- C The entropy of the gas increases during the isobaric process.
- D The entropy of the gas increases after one cycle is unknown since the gas undergoes the adiabatic free expansion process.
- E None of the above is true.
思路引導 VIP
在這個循環的第一步中,氣體的體積維持不變但壓力卻上升了。請試著思考:若要讓氣體分子在相同大小的容器內撞擊得更猛烈(壓力變大),氣體分子的平均動能或溫度會發生什麼變化?而這種溫度的改變,通常需要系統與外界進行什麼樣的能量交換呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷出定容過程中的熵變化,顯示你對熱力學狀態函數與過程特性的理解非常紮實。
定容過程與熵的關係
在第一個等容過程(Isochoric process)中,氣體體積固定在 $V_0$,壓力由 $P_0$ 增加至 $2P_0$。根據理想氣體狀態方程式 $PV = nRT$,當體積不變且壓力加倍時,絕對溫度 $T$ 必然也隨之變為兩倍。由於溫度上升且系統必須吸收熱量($Q > 0$)才能在定容下增加壓力,根據熵的定義 $\Delta S = \int \frac{dQ}{T}$,系統的熵值必然增加,這正是選項 (B) 的核心邏輯。
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