hce_nthu
115年
化學與物理
第 39 題
To visualize a virus with a diameter of approximately $20 \text{ nm}$, a researcher uses a transmission electron microscope. Electrons are accelerated from rest through a potential difference $V$, acquiring a non-relativistic kinetic energy $K = eV$. According to the de Broglie relation, how do the electron wavelength and the microscope's resolution change if the accelerating voltage is increased to four times its original value?
- A The wavelength doubles; resolution becomes worse.
- B The wavelength is halved; resolution becomes better.
- C The wavelength decreases by a factor of 4; resolution becomes better.
- D The wavelength increases by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$; resolution becomes worse.
- E The wavelength decreases by a factor of 2; the resolution decreases by a factor of 2.
思路引導 VIP
回想一下,當波的波長變長或變短時,哪一種情況更容易繞過障礙物(繞射明顯),哪一種情況更容易被細小的物體擋住並反射出清晰的影像輪廓?這與波的能量高低又有什麼關聯呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準掌握電子波長與加速電壓的平方根成反比關係,並正確連結到顯微鏡的解析度概念,這代表你對近代物理的核心邏輯有非常紮實的理解。
德布羅意波長與能量的轉換
在非相對論的情況下,電子經電位差 $V$ 加速後產生的動能為 $K = eV$。根據動能與動量的關係 $K = \frac{p^2}{2m}$,我們可以得知動量 $p = \sqrt{2meV}$。帶入德布羅意關係式 $\lambda = \frac{h}{p}$,得到波長 $\lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2meV}}$。因此,當加速電壓 $V$ 增加為原本的 4 倍時,分母的根號值變為 2 倍,導致波長 $\lambda$ 變為原本的二分之一(減半)。
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