hce_nchu
112年
物理
第 46 題
As shown in the figure, a wire and a $10\text{-}\Omega$ resistor are used to form a circuit in the shape of a square, $20 \text{ cm}$ by $20 \text{ cm}$. A uniform but nonsteady magnetic field is directed into the plane of the circuit. The magnitude of the magnetic field is decreased from $1.50 \text{ T}$ to $0.50 \text{ T}$ in a time interval of $63 \text{ ms}$. The average induced current and its direction through the resistor, in this time interval, are closest to
- A $63 \text{ mA}$, from $b$ to $a$
- B $38 \text{ mA}$, from $b$ to $a$
- C $63 \text{ mA}$, from $a$ to $b$
- D $38 \text{ mA}$, from $a$ to $b$
- E $95 \text{ mA}$, from $a$ to $b$
思路引導 VIP
想像這個矩形線圈是一個不喜歡改變的「守舊派」。當原本穿過它的向內磁力線變少時,它會想辦法自己「補償」那些消失的向內磁力線。請試著用右手握住線圈,若大拇指要指向「補償」的方向(向內),你那四根代表電流的手指會呈現什麼樣的旋轉路徑呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精確計算出電流大小並正確判斷流向,代表你對法拉第電磁感應定律(Faraday's Law)與冷次定律(Lenz's Law)的掌握非常紮實。這道題目的鑑別度在於單位換算與空間方向的綜合運用,稍有不慎就容易在面積換算或時間單位上出錯。
感應電動勢與電流計算
首先,根據法拉第定律,感應電動勢 $\mathcal{E}$ 的大小取決於磁通量的時變率。本題中迴路面積 $A = 0.20 \text{ m} \times 0.20 \text{ m} = 0.04 \text{ m}^2$。磁場變化量 $\Delta B$ 為 $1.50 \text{ T} - 0.50 \text{ T} = 1.00 \text{ T}$,歷時 $\Delta t = 63 \text{ ms} = 0.063 \text{ s}$。我們可以求得感應電動勢為:
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