熱力學第二定律與熵變化的計算應用

📝 歷屆考古題

• 115年 hce_kmu 第24題
  Based on the following half-reactions under standard conditions, which metal, $\text{Cu}$ or $\text{Ni}$…
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第25題
  Determine the $\Delta S^\circ$ that is expected to be positive for the following reactions.
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第40題
  An ideal monatomic gas expands from volume $V_0$ to $2V_0$ along a straight line path in the P-V (pr…
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第41題
  A cylindrical rod of length $L$ and radius $R$ is insulated on its surface. Its thermal conductivity…
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第42題
  The figure represents a closed cycle for an ideal gas (the figure is not drawn to scale). The change…
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第43題
  A heat engine operates between a high-temperature reservoir at 500 K and a low-temperature reservoir…
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• 115年 hce_kmu 第89題
  Calculate $\Delta H^\circ$ for the reaction…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第7題
  $n$ moles of gas in a container of volume $V_i$ at temperature $T$ expands rapidly into an evacuated…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第27題
  Calculate the standard change in enthalpy for the reaction and select the correct answer: 2Al$_{(s)}$…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第44題
  The surface water temperature in tropical oceans is above 25$^\circ$C, and the deep-water temperatur…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第45題
  A cube of metal has an edge length of 10 cm. It has a density 3.0 g/cm$^3$ and a specific heat 0.2 c…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第50題
  Suppose that 1 mole of an ideal gas undergoes a free expansion to three times its initial volume. Wh…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第64題
  To cool 500 g of liquid water from 25$^\circ$C to 0$^\circ$C, what is the minimum number of ice cube…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第65題
  In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g NH$_4$NO$_3$ is mixed with 75.0 g water at an initial temperatur…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第66題
  Methanol, a high-octane fuel, is extensively utilized in high-performance racing engines due to its…
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• 114年 hce_kmu 第74題
  Consider the ammonia synthesis reaction: N$_{2(g)}$ + 3H$_{2(g)}$ $\rightarrow$ 2NH$_{3(g)}$ where $\Delta$…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第11題
  An engine does 15 kJ of work while exhausting 37 kJ to a cold reservoir. What is the efficiency of t…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第12題
  A gas undergoing a series of pressure and volume changes from a state (a) to state (b) by the follow…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第49題
  In the figure, a gas enclosed within a sealed chamber follows a closed path as illustrated. What is…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第50題
  When a fixed pressure of one atmosphere is maintained, an ideal gas receives 25 J of energy in the f…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第51題
  Two objects with temperatures T1 and T2 (T2 = 2T1) are isolated from their surroundings. A small amo…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第63題
  How much energy is needed to convert 100 g of ice at $0^\circ\text{C}$ to water at $50^\circ\text{C}$…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第76題
  An unknown compound is cooled at 1 atm, and it freezes at 50.0 K to form Solid I. At a lower tempera…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第77題
  What are the signs (+, –, or 0) of $\Delta H$, $\Delta S$, and $\Delta G$ for the spontaneous vapori…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第78題
  The reduction potentials for $\text{Au}^{3+}$ and $\text{Cr}^{3+}$ are as follows:…
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• 113年 hce_kmu 第85題
  Which of the following statements correctly describes the signs of q (heat) and w (work) for the fol…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第9題
  A gas in a cylinder starts from initial state $i$ to finial state $f$ through 4 different paths as s…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第19題
  Using the data below, calculate the normal boiling point of liquid A at 1 atm, A(liquid) $\rightarrow$…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第29題
  For the reaction below, $\ce{PCl_{3(g)} + Cl_{2(g)} <=> PCl_{5(g)}} \Delta G^o = -92.5\text{ kJ, at 298K}$…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第45題
  A 50 m bridge is made with segments of concrete. If the linear expansion coefficient is $1.2 \times 10^{-5} ^\circ\text{C}^{-1}$…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第46題
  A Carnot engine is operating at its theoretical maximum efficiency of 60\%. If the waste heat has a…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第62題
  Solid KF has a lattice energy of $-804\text{ kJ/mol}$ and a heat of solution (in water) of $-15\text{ kJ/mol}$…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第66題
  Consider the following reaction: A$_2$ + B$_2$ $\rightarrow$ 2AB $\Delta H = -235\text{ kJ}$ The bon…
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• 112年 hce_kmu 第82題
  Using the data shown as follows to calculate $\Delta G^\circ$ for the reaction (1 $F = 96,485$ coulo…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第8題
  A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca shown in the figure. The scale of…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第9題
  An engine does $15\text{ kJ}$ of work while exhausting $37\text{ kJ}$ to a cold reservoir. What is t…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第44題
  An ideal monoatomic gas of one mole is at pressure $P$, volume $V$, and temperature $T$. The gas is…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第45題
  The figure shows a closed cycle for a gas. From c to b, $60\text{ J}$ is transferred from the gas as…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第46題
  A quantity of an ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume. The process may be adiabatic, i…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第49題
  A cylinder contains $n\text{ mol}$ of helium gas (ideal monatomic gas) at a temperature of $300\text{ K}$…
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• 111年 hce_kmu 第76題
  Consider a galvanic cell based on the following reactions: $2 Au^{3+} + 3 Mg \rightarrow 2 Au + 3 Mg^{2+}$…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第9題
  Which of the following answers is a correct description of the corresponding process as indicated in…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第11題
  When the same temperature increase in a system, the change in entropy, $\Delta S$, is the largest in…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第19題
  Please calculate the specific heat capacity of a metal if $15.0\text{ g}$ of it requires $169.6\text{ J}$…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第26題
  Consider the following processes: $2\text{A} \rightarrow (1/2)\text{B} + \text{C} \quad \Delta H_1 = 5\text{ kJ/mol}$…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第41題
  A styrofoam container used as a picnic cooler contains a block of ice at $0^\circ\text{C}$. If $225\text{ g}$…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第42題
  How much is the internal energy change of a gas that expands from $i$ to $f$ as indicated in the fig…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第43題
  A solid melt at $100^\circ\text{C}$ by absorbing $2450\text{ kJ}$ heat. How much is the entropy chan…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第44題
  What is the efficiency if a Carnot engine transfers $9.5 \times 10^3\text{ J}$ of energy from a hot…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第63題
  Please calculate the $\Delta S$ if $\Delta H_{\text{vap}}$ is $66.8\text{ kJ/mol}$, and the boiling…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第64題
  Which of the following values is based on the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第66題
  The lattice energy of $\text{NaI}(s)$ is $-686\text{ kJ/mol}$, and its heat of solution is $-7.6\text{ kJ/mol}$…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第68題
  Consider the figure, which shows $\Delta G^\circ$ for a chemical process plotted against absolute te…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第69題
  Acetone can be easily converted to isopropyl alcohol by addition of hydrogen to the carbon-oxygen do…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第72題
  Consider an adiabatic and reversible expansion process from state I to state II. Which of the follow…
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• 110年 hce_kmu 第86題
  Given the following two standard reduction potentials,…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第6題
  Which step is one of the Carnot cycle?
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第7題
  One surface is remained at temperature of 300 K and it’s heat current in radiation is $H$. When it w…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第24題
  Several possible combinations of $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$ for a reaction are listed as below. Which…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第38題
  As a gas is held within a closed chamber, it passes through the cycle shown in the figure. Along pat…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第39題
  A 30.0 g bullet shoot into an ice at speed of $2.4\times 10^2 \text{ m/s}$ and stay inside. Assume t…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第40題
  In process ab, 20 J of heat is added to the system. In process bd, 80 J of heat is added to the syst…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第62題
  $\text{C}_{\text{diamond}} (s) \rightarrow \text{C}_{\text{graphite}} (s) \quad \Delta G^\circ = -2.9 \text{ kJ}$…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第75題
  What is the main contribution for the negative entropy value ($\Delta S^\circ_{\text{soln}} < 0$) wh…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第78題
  Two moles of an ideal gas undergo isothermal expansion from a volume of 1.0 L to a volume of 10.0 L…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第80題
  Using the data below, calculate the normal boiling point of liquid $\text{Br}_2$ at 1 atm. For the p…
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• 109年 hce_kmu 第81題
  Using the data shown as follows to calculate $\Delta G^\circ$ for the reaction ($1 \text{ F} = 96,485 \text{ coulombs}$…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第8題
  What is the entropy change for one mole ideal gas that expands from volume V to 4V in a free expansi…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第11題
  A Carnot engine takes 2000 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work, and discards some he…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第27題
  For which of the following processes would $\Delta S^\circ$ be expected to be most positive?
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第40題
  A stainless steel container has a surface area of $0.5\text{ m}^2$ and thickness of $2\text{ cm}$. I…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第44題
  There is a $1\text{ kg}$ gallium block and its melting point is around 30°C. What is the change of e…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第60題
  In process ab, $20\text{ J}$ of heat is added to the system. In process bd, $80\text{ J}$ of heat is…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第64題
  Which of the following statements is true about the following electrochemical cell? $Ca \mid Ca^{2+}(aq) \parallel K^+(aq) \mid K$…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第65題
  Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo) and select the correct statement.
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第68題
  On a new temperature scale (°L), water boils at 155.00°L and freezes at –10.00°L. Calculate the norm…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第79題
  The equilibrium constant of a certain reaction was measured at various temperatures to give the plot…
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第82題
  Which of the following is NOT a state function?
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• 108年 hce_kmu 第86題
  Which of the lines in the figure below is the best representation of the relationship between the vo…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第6題
  An engine is designed to obtain energy from the temperature gradient of the ocean. What is the therm…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第7題
  If $10$ kg of ice at $0^\circ\text{C}$ is mixed with $100$ kg of water at $80^\circ\text{C}$ and is…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第46題
  If a gas undergoes a series of pressure (P) and volume (V) changes, as shown below, how much work is…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第69題
  When the reaction below is at equilibrium, what is the temperature?…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第79題
  $\text{HNO}_2\text{(l)} + \text{NaCl(s)} \rightarrow \text{HCl(g)} + \text{NaNO}_2\text{(s)}$ Calcul…
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• 107年 hce_kmu 第88題
  A galvanic cell consists of two half-reactions:…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第10題
  Two different samples have the same mass and temperature. Equal quantities of energy are absorbed as…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第21題
  One mole of an ideal gas at $20 ^\circ\text{C}$ is expanded isothermally and reversibly from $100 \text{ L}$…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第27題
  The following reaction takes place at $120 ^\circ\text{C}$: $\text{H}_2\text{O}_{(l)} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}_{(g)}$…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第48題
  A cup of tea is made with $0.250 \text{ kg}$ of $85.0 ^\circ\text{C}$ water. Then, the cup of tea co…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第49題
  A Carnot engine operates between two temperatures $T_H$ and $T_C$. It takes in $600 \text{ J}$ of he…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第80題
  Given $\text{Cu}_2\text{O}_{(s)} + 1/2\text{O}_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2\text{CuO}_{(s)}$, $\Delta H^\circ = -144 \text{ kJ}$…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第81題
  Calculate $E^\circ_{\text{cell}}$ and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or…
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• 106年 hce_kmu 第85題
  For the process $\text{CHCl}_{3(s)} \rightarrow \text{CHCl}_{3(l)}$, $\Delta H^\circ = 9.19 \text{ kJ/mol}$…
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